For Legend look here

Files in Linux/Unix

Unix systems have a generell principle, that everything is a file.
And therefore somewhere in the directory structure.
To apply this concept to several different things in a computer, unix has
several different file types:

1. Normal files
2. Directories
3. Links
4. Pipes
5. Sockets
6. Device Files (Block / Character files)
7. Door File

Working with Files

In unix systems, a file does not necessarily need a Filetype Extension.

# Have a file to do something with:
curl http://metaphorpsum.com/paragraphs/10/5 > lorem_ipsum.txt

1. Create files:

   1. Empty file:

      touch test

   2. With some content:

      echo This text will be the content > test

2. Delete files:

   1. Single file:

      rm test

   2. Multiple files:

      rm test_file another_file some_other_file

   3. File that match a pattern:

      rm *_file
      # deletes all files with names that end with _file

3. Output contents of file:

   1. All content at once:

      cat 

   2. Content in scrollable view:

      less 

   3. (Only if installed) Syntax highlighted scrollable:

      bat 

   4. Get only first 10 lines:

      head 

   5. Get only last 10 lines:

      tail 

   6. Get all newly written lines of a file:

      tail -f 
      # Hint: Usefull to have a continues look at **Log-Files**

4. Information about content of files:

   1. Get type of file (works also with directories):

      file 

   2. Count words:

      wc -w 

   3. Count lines:

      wc -l 

   4. Count bytes:

      wc -c 

Next:

File Permissions